Application and development trend of 3D laser cutting technology

The working mechanism of 3D laser cutting

Laser cutting is the use of high-power-density laser beams to scan the surface of the material, heating the material to thousands to tens of thousands of degrees Celsius in a very short period of time to melt or gasify the material, and then use high-pressure gas to melt or vaporize the material from the cutting seam Blow away to achieve the purpose of cutting materials.

The working mechanism of 3D laser cutting Compared with 2D laser cutting, 3D laser cutting needs to constantly adjust the posture of the laser cutting head to ensure that the laser cutting head is always perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece. So as to obtain excellent cutting quality. In actual production, 3D laser cutting programming needs to first model the part in 3D, and then import it into the 3D programming system to generate the path, and manually adjust it according to the features of the part and tooling to avoid collision of the cutting head, complicated operation and heavy workload. larger. Since the cutting head of the 3D laser cutting machine is equipped with a capacitive sensor, it can automatically adapt to the shape of the part and always keep a certain distance from the part for cutting. The system can meet the production needs.

Application range of 3D laser cutting

Three-dimensional laser cutting is widely used in sheet metal processing, metal processing, advertising production, kitchen utensils, automobiles, lamps, saw blades, elevators, metal crafts, textile machinery, grain machinery, glasses production, aerospace, medical equipment, instrumentation and other industries . Especially in the sheet metal processing industry, it has replaced traditional processing methods and is favored by industry users.

Machinable materials: stainless steel, carbon steel, alloy steel, silicon steel, spring steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, galvanized sheet, galvanized plate, pickling sheet, copper, silver, gold, titanium and other metal sheets and pipe cutting.

Application in the manufacture of aluminum alloy EMUs. Three-dimensional laser cutting is mainly used in the cutting and nesting of aluminum alloy EMU cab skin. The skin of the driver's cab is an aluminum alloy sheet with a curved surface structure, which is especially suitable for cutting with a three-dimensional laser. After forming, use 3D laser cutting for nesting. Compared with using band saw machine for scribing and sawing, the production efficiency and cutting accuracy of 3D laser cutting are significantly higher.

Application in the manufacture of stainless steel subway. Three-dimensional laser cutting is mainly used in the eyehole and gap processing of stainless steel subway door upper beams, end door columns, inner ribs, etc., and the nesting of blind window ribs.

For parts extruded by molds, due to the high cost of design and manufacture of blanking molds, long manufacturing cycle, and poor blanking quality, etc., it is necessary to use 3D lasers for nesting and eye hole processing.

Advantages and disadvantages of 3D laser cutting

It has been proved by production practice that 3D laser cutting has the following advantages: ①Good flexibility and can adapt to the cutting process of workpieces of different shapes. ② High precision, which can meet the manufacturing precision of aluminum alloy EMUs, stainless steel subways and other products. ③High economic benefit, can replace the trimming die and punching die of the traditional manufacturing process, the process steps are simple, the manufacturing cycle is short, the cutting speed is fast, the slit width is small, and the processing quality is high, which can greatly reduce the cost and shorten the production time of new models. The research and development cycle has good economic value and application prospects.

Development trend of 3D laser cutting

1. With the development of high-power lasers and the use of high-performance CNC and servo systems, high-power laser cutting can achieve high processing speeds, while reducing heat-affected zones and thermal distortion; the thickness of the material that can be cut is also The standard is further improved.

2. Improve the processing technology according to the influence of laser cutting process parameters

3. Laser cutting will develop in the direction of high automation and intelligence. Apply CAD/CAPP/CAM[4] and artificial intelligence to laser cutting, and develop a highly automated multifunctional laser processing system.

4. Develop towards a multi-functional laser processing center, integrate the quality feedback after each process such as laser cutting, laser welding and heat treatment, and give full play to the overall advantages of laser processing.

5. With the development of Internet and WEB technology, it is inevitable to establish a WEB-based network database, use fuzzy reasoning mechanism and artificial neural network to automatically determine the laser cutting process parameters, and be able to remotely access and control the laser cutting process. trend.

6. Three-dimensional high-precision large-scale CNC laser cutting machine and its cutting technology. In order to meet the needs of three-dimensional workpiece cutting in industries such as automobiles and aviation, three-dimensional laser cutting machines are developing in the direction of high efficiency, high precision, multi-function and high adaptability .